Essay on Abortion - 2839 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Abortion is the termination of pregnancy before birth, resulting in, or accompanied by, the death of the fetus. Some abortions occur naturally because a fetus does not develop normally. Or because the mother has an injury or disorder that prevents her from carrying the pregnancy to a full term. This type of abortion is commonly known as a miscarriage. Other abortions are induced. Induced abortions are intentionally brought on, either because a pregnancy is unwanted or presents a risk to a woman’s health. Induced abortion has become one of the most ethical and philosophical issues of the late 20th century. Modern medical techniques have made induced abortions simpler and less dangerous. But in the United†¦show more content†¦Or the point when a man’s sperm fertilizes a woman’s egg. Typical side effects of the morning-after pill may include nausea, headache, dizziness, breast tenderness, and sometimes fluid retention. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the first seven weeks of pregnancy a combination of two drugs can be given in pill form to make a fetus. A pregnant woman first takes a drug which blocks progesterone, which is a hormone needed to maintain pregnancy. About 48 hours later she takes another drug which is a hormone like chemical produced by the body that causes contractions of the uterus, the organ in which the fetus develops. These contractions expel the fetus. Misoprostol, which is another kind of drug can also induce abortion when it is mixed with a different drug that interferes with cell division. A doctor first injects a pregnant woman with one kind of drug and about a week later the woman takes another drug to induce contractions and to expel to fetus. When you combine these two kinds of drugs it usually ends pregnancy effectively according to the 95 percent of the woman who have taken them. Although, some woman experience cramps, bleeding and nausea. Some of the cases are more ser ious, such as pneumonia, edema, arrhythmia and they effect the heart and lungs which may cause death. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;After the first 16 weeks of pregnancy , abortion becomes more difficult.Show MoreRelatedAbortion : Abortion And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion Abortion is defined in several ways all of which stop a pregnancy. There are different ways of abortion, which are spontaneous abortion, surgical abortion, and medical abortion. Abortion has been arguable topic for decades. One can neither believe abortion to be good nor bad. The idea of individuality and human life is not quite the same. Idea of human life has come from conception; simultaneously on the other hand, fertilizer eggs used for in vitro fertilization are also human lives butRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion Essay921 Words   |  4 PagesPaper: Abortion Laws The topic of abortion is a widely debated and very heated topic in Texas. The Republican party’s platform supports family values and are completely against abortion under any circumstances, including abortifacients. The Democrat party’s platform supports the rights for women to make choices about their own bodies. They support abortifacients and a person’s right to have an abortion. There is also a large percentage of those that are in the middle in that they believe abortion shouldRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion998 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States there are more than a billion abortions performed each year. Since the court case Roe vs Wade in 1973 more than 56 million babies have been murdered in the United States before they had the chance to take their first breath (Snyder, Michael). These statics along with many more show the huge injustice that is happening in the country I call home. Abortion is defined as the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy. It can include any of variousRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Anti Abortion1624 Words   |  7 Pagesa very large controversy between the ideas about abortion and anti-abortion. Different religious views, beliefs, peoples many different customs and even people of different cultures all have their own preferences and ideas on the take of this political issue. Views against abortion can lead to as much of an impact as a violent/non violent riots outside of an abortion clinics, to something as simple article in the newspaper. The belief on abortion that leads to a lot of the controversy is that inRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion Essay1656 Words   |  7 Pages An abortion is when the pregnancy of a women is ended; it is called sometimes Termination of pregnancy. There are two types of abortion. The first type is the spontaneous abortion; it occurs within the first two months. What causes it is frequently unknown yet is probably the results of intra-uterine contamination, or limited attachment in the building unborn child to the interior coating walls in the womb (uterus). Such conditions this unborn child, if the idea advances further, mayRead MoreAbortion, The, And Abortion953 Words   |  4 Pagesdebates that is constantly talked about is abortion. When it comes to abortion, the laws vary depending on the state you live in. Whether people support or are against abortion, few actually know about the abortion process. Have you ever heard of suction aspiration or prostaglandin chemical abortion? Those are two of the various methods that are performed in the different trimesters of pregnancy. According to writer Steven Ertelt of Li feNews.com, Oklahoma’s abortion laws are restrictive compared to otherRead MoreAbortion : Abortion And Abortion1930 Words   |  8 PagesAbortion has been around for quite some time. Laws have been set allowing it and banning it during different periods of time. The procedures that can be done are all very different. There is a medical abortion involving drugs and there are surgical abortion involving a more invasive procedure. There are also different points of view on it. There are those who fully support the termination of a pregnancy and those who are completely against it. There are many factors to consider and very differentRead MoreAbortion And Abortion2038 Words   |  9 PagesMostly seen as a religious issue, abortions are anything but that. Biology and science are the only deciding factors when it comes down to it. Science is the only thing that can prove whether an unborn child is living; no religion can do that. Through modern science and technology, it has been proven and well documented that human life does in fact begin at conception. The scientific evidence also contradicted the court ruling in the Roe v. Wade case, where it was stated that the Court could notRead MoreAbortion : The Fight For Abortion1543 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough abortion was decriminalized in 1973, the fight for abortion rights did not end with Roe v. Wade. Just in the past three years, there have been systematic restrictions on abortion rights sweeping the country sate by state. In 2013, 22 states enacted 70 antiabortion measures, including pre-viability abortion bans, unnecessary doctor and clinic procedures, limits on medicated abortion, and bans on insurance coverage of abortion In 2011, 92 abortion restrictions were enacted, an in 2012, thatRead MoreAbortion : The Issue Of Abortion1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic of abortion has been an ongoing debate for many years. According to ProChoice.org, abortion was legal in in the days of the early settlers . At the time that the constitution was adopted abortions were legal. Abortions were openly advertised and performed before the first fetal movement (13-16 weeks from the start of a women’s last period). The concern for abortion started in the late 1800’s when immigrants were coming into the country in large numbers and the fear was that they would produce

The Black Plague in Great Britain - 838 Words

The Medieval Era was a time of knights and castles, royals and peasants, plague and famine, war and death. In the 1300’s a devastating plague swept across of most of Europe and Asia. It killed millions of people. Upon reaching Britain it killed over one-third the population. The Black Death, in only a few years, had left a permanent mark on Britain, its economy, the feudalism system and its culture through the cause of the major population decline in the 14th century. The Black Plague or Black Death is believed to have begun near China in 1347, it spread to Europe by rats and fleas on merchant ships. It originated from fleas feeding from the blood of the rats. The infectious bile, Yersinia Pestis, in the rats blood would sometimes be transmitted to people when these fleas feeding from the rats bit a human, vomiting the rats bile into the blood of its new victim. Sometimes the fleas, and bacteria would be transmitted onto other animals increasing human risk of contamination . Once someone was infected the disease could evolve into the pneumonic form and be transmitted through the air. The Black plague was a nasty thing. There were two different versions of it. The Bubonic plague infected bodies with painful puss filled sores. The other more lethal and contagious Pneumonic plague attacked the lungs making breathing hard and often made the infected cough up blood. It lasted for about a week ending most often in death, but some did make the miraculousShow MoreRelatedSummary : Elizabethan Era 1456 Words   |  6 PagesAlchin, L.K. Elizabethan Era e.g. Retrieved May 16 2012 from www.elizabethan-era.org.uk Summary: The main purpose of this source was to touch bases on how the diseases such as the black plague and typhoid started or continued. They said that the main cause of how it kept on getting transmitted and still going on was because rodents and other insects such as rats lice and fleas kept contaminating everything. But on that subject, they barley where clean this source said. In big towns mostly everythingRead MoreNorman F. Cantor s The Black Plague978 Words   |  4 Pageswith the medieval period. In the beginning of this book, Cantor begins to describe how the black plague began and the symptoms of the black plague. The black plague was also known as the Black Death. Many have their own thoughts about how the plague started, but Cantor explains his thoughts throughout the first section of this book. According to Cantor, the plague started from a tiny flea. The black plague is thought to have started in Asia and spread through trade. Shipyards were filthy during theRead MoreEssay On The Black Death901 Words   |  4 PagesIn the middle of the fourteenth century, European experienced a disease called Black Death, which killed millions of people in six years. By spreading quickly, this disease affected not only on people’s lives but also on economic of many countries, especially those countries in Europe. Therefore, people found out some cures to end this nightmare disease. Ole J. Benedictow. â€Å"The Black Death: The Greatest Catastrophe Ever†. Published in History Today Volume 55 Issue 3 March 2005 Read MoreThe Black Plague Of Middle Ages1257 Words   |  6 Pagesenveloped Europe. The Black Plague thrived in the conditions that Europe and its climate harbored along with the filthy living conditions of European cities. The declination of population was immense and altered the way the economy, arts, and religion of Middle Aged society was structured. Carrying along with these byproducts of such a devastating epidemic are the emergence of influential artists and philosophers of the time. The Black Plague originated in China (Europe’s Plagues Came from China, StudyRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death was a very important time in history and, while devastating, it led to many advances in medicine due to the mass spread of a new deadly disease. The 14th Century encompassed the time period of January 1, 1301 to December 31, 1400. When this disease struck, Ole J. Benedictow calculates that it killed about 50 million people in Europe alone, which was about 60% of Europe’s population at the time. That being said, the Black Death, often referred to as the Bubonic Plague, clocked inRead More The Plague - The Black Death Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death The Black Death is known as the worst natural disaster in European history. The plague spread throughout Europe from 1346-1352. Those who survived lived in constant fear of the plagues return and it did not disappear until the 1600s. Not only were the effects devastating at the time of infection, but during the aftermath as well. The Black Death of the fourteenth century dramatically altered Europes social and economic structure. The plague was spread by fleasRead More Plague - Bacillus Yersinia Pestis Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesIdentification and Prevention of What Makes Life â€Å"Nasty, Brutish, and Short† Plague is caused by the bacterium bacillus Yersinia pestis, and is carried by rodents, fleas, and mammals. Plague takes three forms: bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic. Bubonic plague affects the lymph glands, while the pneumonic and septicemic forms affect the lungs and the blood. Today, plague can be prevented by antibiotics and strict public health measures. Three methods of controlling carriers involve sanitizingRead MoreThe Black Death : A Disastrous Mortal Disease And Spread Across Europe1373 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death, so named by later historians, was a disastrous mortal disease and spread across Europe in the years 1347~1352(Hunt 416). The Black Death, now known as plague, is caused by the bacterium, Yersinia pestis. When humans are bitten by a rodent flea, humans usually get the plaque (Plague Homepage | CDC). Nowadays, the plague can be treated by antibiotics easily. However, in the middle of the 14th century, no one knew what caused the disease, and how the dis ease was transmitted to othersRead MoreThe Black Death Essay1374 Words   |  6 PagesThe Black Death Black Death, epidemic of plague which ravaged Europe in the mid-14th century. Various forms of plague were known in the civilized world since ancient times. Greek and Roman historians described outbreaks of an epidemic disease which were sudden and deadly: at Constantinople in the 6th century AD, for example, as much as half the population may have been killed. The outbreakRead MoreThe Rise of the Mongol Empire1006 Words   |  4 Pagesmost influential ideas of the modern day. At this time of the Mongol growth, European empires fail to colonize the known world, and today are only accredited for the Roman Empire and the Black Plague. The rise of the Mongol Empire can be attributed to a famous emperor, Genghis Khan. He led his armies through the Great Wall of China and crushed the Jin Dynasty. â€Å"In the twelfth and thirteenth centuries the Mongols were far from more barbarous than their neighboring tribes. For this reason Genghis Khan

Cloud Computing Online Spatial Delivery System

Question: Describe about the "Online Spatial Delivery System". Answer: Introduction Online Spatial Delivery System (OSDS) has to be migrated to a cloud provider through PaaS model. PaaS provides the platform and environment to build the applications upon the same ("What is PaaS?", 2016). Each and every entity plays a crucial role and a phased approach needs to be followed for achieving the best results out of them. The six components that would have a significant involvement are discussed further. Remote Administration Remote Administration perform the administration tasks and activities to be done from a location that is remote (cbigconsulting.com, 2016). The use of Remote Administration is however, discouraged owing to the shortcomings that it comes with. There are multiple tools that do not scale properly. It becomes tedious for the administrators to simultaneously work upon the network with varied speeds and that too in a secure manner. Multi-platform support is another issue that is seen with the implementation of Remote Administration in the architecture. Organizations make use of different operating systems such as Linux, Windows, iOS and many other and all of them need to be supported in an efficient manner. Mobile devices are also being used by most of the organizations and the OS of those devices need support too. Use of varied tools and devices with different platforms and operating systems is difficult to manage by the remote administrator. Regulatory requirements such as encryption, authentication and access controls also appear as an issue in the implementation of remote administration (sans.org, 2016). Resource Management Resource Management is the next in the list for successful implementation and migration of the services and applications on the cloud. There are multiple resources across various departments that are associated with OSDS. The key resources are as listed below. Business owners Database admin and team Operations head and team Development team Design team Network team Network admin Support and maintenance team DSI needs to develop strategies to efficiently mannage resources and other departments. The basic step in achieveing the same is to find answers to the following list of questions. Is there an already implemented resource tagging strategy in place? What is the internal resource management team that is associated with DSI and how does it link to the overall company model? What is the process that is used in the allocation of resources to a particular project or department? Is the metadata that is available with the company sufficient or further additions are required? (s3.amazonaws.com, 2016) There are a number of advantages for this component as: There is an automated and centralized repository where all the information and the resources and their management is contained ("Project Resource Management Benefits | Innotas", 2016) There is a transparency that is formed between the employee and the employer It becomes easier to manage the change along with the time sheets (Singh, 2013) A bridge is formed connecting the employees and the employer with the goals that have been set ("Human Resource Management (HRM) - duties, benefits", 2016). There is an improved resource utilization that leads to increased productivity and efficiency. SLA Management Service Level Agreement (SLA) Management is a contract that is signed between the service user and the service provider. In case of OSDS, the service user is DSI and the service provider is the cloud provider. Levels of SLA in SLA Management OSDS has its base as cloud computing. Shared access is the prime feature of the technology (Bose et al., 2011). The following factors play a crucial role in OSDS: The services that have been confirmed and have attained go-ahead between OSDS and the cloud provider The team that deals with supply chains and its management The assigned roles and designated responsibilities of each and every team member The role of internal partners in every service Every minute detail around the service such as description and cost High level flow chart depicting the major and critical factors Performance indicators (mitsm.de, 2016) Application Resilience Every application and service has a set of requirements and specification that have a higher priority and are critical for the same. There are High Availability (HA) requirements that are present in OSDS and it is necessary to fulfill these without any failures. It is suggested that a planned business strategy covering the below mentioned points should be set up for attaining best results: An application that is fault tolerant in nature which means that availability and reliability are maintained at all times Use of best practices and techniques Supreme measures for data storage Cloud architecture Data Storage and Backup Big Data tools and databases such as NoSQL can be used for efficienct storage and backup of the information associated with OSDS. NoSQL is the database that performs the Big Data Analytics with extreme ease. It provides rich visualization for creation of reports and documents that support the analytics results. It allows the flexible mode of exploration that is on the basis of various parameters such as time, geographical locations, revenues, quantities and many more. Predictive analysis with powerful and advanced algorithms such as classification, regression and exploration is also possible with the help of NoSQL (Pentaho, 2016). NoSQL consists of thousands of APIs as well. (Goes, J. 2016). Here are some of the examples of NoSQL databases: MongoDB It is an open source agile database that offers scalability, supreme performance and high availability. Elasticsearch It is the database that provides the much in demand RESTful web interface on a multitenant-capable full-text search engine. CouchDB It is a document storage database that is used to query the indexes through web browsers with the use of HTTP. MarkLogicServer It is an enterprise level database that provides a unified solution to all the analytics requirements. Terrastore It is an advanced database that promises consistency along with the scalability and supreme performance in the document and data storage and indexing (Big Data Made Simple - One source. Many perspectives., 2014). Disaster Recovery There are a number of risks that are associated with the cloud services and the measures need to be adapted such that the impact of harm in occurrence of such an event is minimum and the services are brough back to normal in a quick turnaround time. These are the measures that should be adopted to avoid the risks at the first place and recover from the same. Preventative These are the primary points of security that must be present in any organization and its architecture such as use of anti-virus, set up of firewalls and physical security measures such as guards at entry points and use if an identity check. Reactive These come in the picture when the event has already taken place. Detective Measures such as intrusion detection and motion detection fall in this category of countermeasures Administrative There are always a defined policy or a set of guidelines that is associated in the business strategy. These measures make sure that all the processes adhere to the same. Disaster Recovery (DR) in cloud computing is the method to have proper backup and recovery strategy in place which focuses upon management of data on the cloud. DR would allow the recovery process to be enabled in multiple locations (Kiblin, 2011). There are a number of strategies that have been developed in order to have a correct DR procedure (aws.amazon.com, 2016). Cloud for disaster recovery is a viable option for DSI both from the financial perspective and from the control perspective as well (Dix, 2016). Conclusions Opportunities and Risks OSDS is a collection of web services and application that is based on the PaaS model of cloud computing. In order to migrate OSDS to a cloud provider, there are six components that play a crucial role in deciding the success of the migration process. The first in the list is remote administration that does suffer from certain shortcoming such as inadequate multi-platform support. Resource management and SLA management are also significant to manage the asserts and agreement at the service level. Application resilience revolves around the High Availability (HA) requirements and there are also measures to correctly store and recover the data in case of a disaster. Cloud suffers from certain potential and probable risks as well that mainly revolve around data protection and information security. These risks include loss of data, accessing of the data by an unauthorized user, denial of services, attack of malicious software, spoofing, phishing and inadequate due diligence. Such risks possess a threat to the confidentiality, integrity and authneticty of the information, Use of authorizations measures along with proper access controls are mandatory to protect the data belonging to OSDS. The data associated is private and confidential in nature and the landing of the same in unauthorized hands could be extremely adverse for DSI. ("Risks of cloud computing | Queensland Government", 2016). References Bose, S., Pasala, A., Ramanujam A, D., Murthy, S. and Malaiyandisamy, G. (2011). SLA Management in Cloud Computing: A Service Provider's Perspective. Cloud Computing, pp.413-436. A deep dive into NoSQL: A complete list of NoSQL databases. (2014). Big Data Made Simple - One source. Many perspectives.. Human Resource Management (HRM) - duties, benefits. (2016). Referenceforbusiness.com. Retrieved 21 May 2016 Kiblin, T. (2011). How To Use Cloud Computing For Disaster Recovery. CRN. Retrieved 21 May 2016 mitsm.de,. (2016). Mitsm.de. Retrieved 21 May 2016 Pentaho and NoSQL Databases. (2016). Pentaho. Retrieved 21 May 2016.

Life of Abdur Rahman

Introduction: General Overview of Afghanistan in the 19th Century During the Anglo-Afghan wars, Afghanistan experienced the recession of traditional authority and the advent of new models and state regimes in the end of the nineteenth century. The governors of the country found themselves under unusual circumstances when becoming more reliable on the British sway because they made the Afghan nation to take anti-foreign orientation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Life of Abdur Rahman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The domestic policy of the rulers was oriented on a more powerful central government, but it failed to fulfill this policy until the advent of Amir Abdur Rahman in 1880 (Barfield , 2010, p. 12). During the reign of Abdur Rahman, the Afghan population did not participate in ruling the government since the Amir believed that that all rules should hold the power apart from people. Although his model of g overnment has long been dead, it has still perpetuated in the history of the country. In this paper, it is necessary to analyze the sources related to this topic in terms of limitation and benefits, biases of the sources, and the extent to which authors manage to disclose the topic at issue. Opportunities and Limitations as Presented by the Style Sources Much research and analysis is dedicated to the life and reign of Abdur Rahman, Amir of Afghanistan. Paradoxically, all of them reveal historical background with regard to history of other countries and geographical location of the country. However, there are few sources dedicated to the significance and consequences of the model of government established by this notorious ruler. In particular, certain sources present exhaustive information about chronological events taking place on the territory of Afghanistan in the 19th century to explain reasons and underpinning of Rahman’s regime. A quite comprehensive and reliable source is a biographical narration presented by Abd al-Rahman Khan published in 1900 where the Amir of Afghanistan provides his outlook on the political system in the country as well as policies we implemented to enhancing the power of the nation. A particular attention deserves Chapter 4, A Few Details in My Daily Life where the rule discloses the scope of his reign as well as the routine of his life. The narration is of great value for the topic because Rahman’s reflections on the political system and on the creation of the new form of the government provide us with veritable reasons and historical explanations why it was necessary to establish this regime.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The book also uniquely represents Rahman’s attitude and vision of future government and, therefore, it permits to understand the events taking place in the end of 19th century from his point of view. Importantly, the narration is presented in the first person so that readers can pursue the autobiography of the Amir who contributed to the rapid transformation of the history of Afghanistan. It also allows to evaluate his attitude to foreign and domestic policy and his place in forming the new government. In Chapter 4, Rahman (1900) states, â€Å"God has created me for His service, to care for the nation. He has intrusted to my care†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 96). Other sources are presented in the form of a historical and political analysis of the period under consideration and Rahman’s place in the transformation of the Afghan government. Nevertheless, there are still some discrepancies in representing the facts connected to the topic. In particular, Chatterji (1973), Noelle (1997), and Aghajanian and Blood (2007) historically approach the analysis of the nineteenth-century Afghanistan and provide all event chronologically. Therefore the style of sources is quite identical where the authors start with overall exploration of the historical situation in the beginning of the 19th century, proceed to the analysis of the Anglo-Afghan wars and end with the analysis of Rahnan’s governance. However, a comparative analysis reveals that Noelle (1997) provides a bit different techniques in analyzing the history of the state via the analysis of the sway of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan. Hussain (2005) provides the historical panorama of Afghanistan through the display of tribal conflicts. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Using the Sources for Historical Study A closer analysis of Rahman’s autobiographical narrations reveals that the book has a significant historical value for historical studies of the topic at issue. While estimating the source, it is possible to define Rahman’s attitude to his political position and his attitude to his work: â€Å"It is a curious thing that the harder I work the more anxious I am to continue working instead of getting tired† (1900, p. 78).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Life of Abdur Rahman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, the main benefit of the source lies in a possibility of objective evaluation of other related sources with regard to this one. In other worlds, the source may serve as the pivot for assessing the reliability and validity of other sources. It also grants a possibility to present personal estimation of the topic. However, the source does not provide strict and accurate facts and objective evaluation of the political and cultural situation in the country because the author puts forward a purely subjective vision of the government. Hamilton (2002) provides a historical and political overview of the Afghanistan in the 19th century and the role of Abdur Rahman in the formation of the modern state. More importantly, the author accentuates the external influences on the country from the p art of the British government. The same structure is pursued in Barfield book called Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. The author identifies the period of the government transformation and describes the chain events that triggered the formation of a new political model. Although does not provides consistent information about the reign of Abdur Rahman, they are still appropriate and useful for the topic exploration because the chapters are closely connected with the analysis of Afghanistan in the 19th century. Although the sources reveal a comprehensive picture of historic events in Afghanistan in combination, they still fail to outline all aspects of cultural and political life in the times of the reign of Amir Abdur Rahman. Authors Biases As Presented in the Sources under Analysis Despite the fact that all sources reveal different angles and styles of the topic, there are still some biases in disclosing the cultural and political overview of nineteenth century Afghanis tan. Particular considerations concerns the sources presented historical outline of the period with no focus on some important moments (Noelle, 1997; Hussain, 2005, Chatterji, 1973). Viewing these source from the perspective of the autobiographical narration, they fail present a high level of relevance to the topic. However, Aghajanian and Blood (2007) and Barfield are more successful in approving the data presented in the original work (Rahman, 1900).Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion In general, all sources under consideration are pertinent to the topic investigated and provide exhaustive information about cultural, political, and social situation in Afghanistan in the 19th century. Despite different views on the topic, the sources still manage to cover all aspects of topic when combined. Reference List Aghajanian, A. and Blood, P. R. (2007). Afghanistan: Past and Present/Comprised of Afghanistan, a Country Study and Country Profile: Afghanistan. LC: Indian-European Publishing. Barfield, T. (2010). Afghanistan: A Cultural and Political History. US: Princeton University Press. ] Chatterji, N. C. (1973). Muddle of the Middle East. India: Abhinav Publications. Hamilton, A. (2002). Problems of the Middle East. US: Elibron.com. Hissain, R. (2005). Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic militancy in Afghanistan. US: Ashgate Publishing. Ltd. Rahman, A. (1900). The Life of Abdur Rahman, Amir of Afghanistan. US: Adamant Media Corporation. Noelle, C. (1997). Sta te and tribe in nineteenth-century Afghanistan: the reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan. NY: Routledge. This essay on Life of Abdur Rahman was written and submitted by user Alia K. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on SIN

Sin and Virtue: What role does religion play in life It is not surprising for an author’s background and surroundings to profoundly affect his writing. Having come from a Methodist lineage and living at a time when the church was still an influential facet in people’s daily lives, Stephen Crane was deeply instilled with religious dogmas. However, fear of retribution soon turned to cynicism and criticism of his idealistic parents’ God, "the wrathful Jehovah of the Old Testament", as he was confronted with the harsh realities of war as a journalistic correspondent. Making extensive use of religious metaphors and allusions in The Blue Hotel (1898), Crane thus explores the interlaced themes of the sin and virtue. Ironically, although "he disbelieved it and hated it," Crane simply "could not free himself from" the religious background that haunted his entire life. His father, a well-respected reverend in New Jersey, advocated Bible reading and preached "the right way." Similarly, his mother, who "lived in and for religion," was influential in Methodist church affairs as a speaker and a journalist in her crusade against the vices of her sinful times . This emotional frenzy of revival Methodism had a strong impact on young Stephen. Nonetheless, he falling short of his parents’ expectations on moral principles and spiritual outlook chose to reject and defy all those abstract religious notions and sought to probe instead into life’s realities. Moreover, Crane’s genius as "an observer of psychological and social reality" was refined after witnessing battle sights during the late 19th century. What he saw was a stark contrast of the peacefulness and morality preached in church and this thus led him to religious rebelliousness. As a prisoner to his surroundings, man (a soldier) is physically, emotionally, and ... Free Essays on SIN Free Essays on SIN Sin and Virtue: What role does religion play in life It is not surprising for an author’s background and surroundings to profoundly affect his writing. Having come from a Methodist lineage and living at a time when the church was still an influential facet in people’s daily lives, Stephen Crane was deeply instilled with religious dogmas. However, fear of retribution soon turned to cynicism and criticism of his idealistic parents’ God, "the wrathful Jehovah of the Old Testament", as he was confronted with the harsh realities of war as a journalistic correspondent. Making extensive use of religious metaphors and allusions in The Blue Hotel (1898), Crane thus explores the interlaced themes of the sin and virtue. Ironically, although "he disbelieved it and hated it," Crane simply "could not free himself from" the religious background that haunted his entire life. His father, a well-respected reverend in New Jersey, advocated Bible reading and preached "the right way." Similarly, his mother, who "lived in and for religion," was influential in Methodist church affairs as a speaker and a journalist in her crusade against the vices of her sinful times . This emotional frenzy of revival Methodism had a strong impact on young Stephen. Nonetheless, he falling short of his parents’ expectations on moral principles and spiritual outlook chose to reject and defy all those abstract religious notions and sought to probe instead into life’s realities. Moreover, Crane’s genius as "an observer of psychological and social reality" was refined after witnessing battle sights during the late 19th century. What he saw was a stark contrast of the peacefulness and morality preached in church and this thus led him to religious rebelliousness. As a prisoner to his surroundings, man (a soldier) is physically, emotionally, and ...

Homeless essays

Homeless essays Being homeless means having no where to turn to, no shelter of your own, completely living on the streets. Homelessness is a shock to many, because it depicts someone just like us in our own society lacking the necessities we take for granted. These people who we often stereotype as bums, crack heads, losers and bagladies face the darkness we all fear. But truly, who are we to judge people? They too are humans, but are just not as fortunate as others may be.In North America, homelessness is a result of lower income individuals being unable to afford housing and other necessities to sustain a decent life. Homelessness is caused by several factors, some being divorce, drugs involvement, loss of job or just simply being unable to afford shelter. ( Cohen, page 75). Divorce, which took its toll on the United States during the 1970s , leading up to 1980s where over a half of marriages ended up in divorce.( Landau,page 24) With a lot of families being separated, and one income being stretched to provide for a family it creates financial hardships. Women were now forced to bear an unclear burden. The burden of feeling depressed, taking care of her children with no physical home, and the fear of their children are taken away from her. Drugs are a horrific contributing factor of homelessness on its own. It did not only leave that single mother high and hopeless but even that confused nine year old girl.(Landau, page 71).Homelessness affects everyone in a family especially the children because they are lacking a stable environment. Many are either on the streets with their families or are locked out of their homes. (Landau, page 74). Its not only that nine year old girl that is left alone, hungry, cold and terrified. Many teenage boys face this horrible dilemma. With no positive guidance, these young people are left to face the ugliness of the...

Toulmin argument paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Toulmin argument - Research Paper Example This is a city that puts a premium to attracting businesses by giving generous tax incentives. It is fast growing as a city and with it various concerns like increased crime rates, environmental and health concerns, property taxes, public transportation and police protection have some citizens worried and they feel these issues need increased government attention. The city gives a great deal of emphasis and focus on environmental issues. It has put up a government Web site where citizens can e-mail their various concerns. In particular, there is a section in the Web site where important health issues are given importance by the Health and Human Services Department (HHS). One particular Web page under the HHS page is the Environmental Health Services page which is concerned with certain public health issues like proper sanitation, food safety, waste disposal and management of disease-carrying pests and insects such as bed bugs, cockroaches and mosquitoes (http://charmeck.org 1). This paper is concerned with the last time item mentioned, which is disease-carrying mosquitoes which is not given enough attention by the local government. Mosquitoes are capable of transmitting many diseases like malaria, dengue, yellow fever, filariasis and West Nile virus (WNV). Among disease-carrying insects, cockroaches, flies and mosquitoes are the worst with mosquitoes capable of breeding quickly and spreading their diseases through vectors or those carriers of the virus. One important vector for most diseases carried by mosquitoes are birds. In previous instances, North Carolina always investigated the presence of dead birds and tried to determine their cause of death by conducting autopsies on the dead birds. However, since a West Nile virus has long been confirmed in North Carolina, health authorities stopped doing those autopsies on dead wild birds and no longer overly concerned. It is this dangerous sense of complacency that might lead to unnecessary suffering and death

Marketing on the internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Marketing on the internet - Essay Example Amazon.com hit off as an online bookstore. However they soon diversified their portfolio and ventured into selling DVDS, CDs, and MP3 downloads software’s, games, electronics, food, toys, furniture and apparel. They started spreading out from United States and established bases in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan and China. Amazon’s target audience: Amazon has segmented its target market on the basis of various variables. Their target market is segmented on the basis of demographic, geographic, and psychographic variables. Demographically talking, Amazon attracts customers who have constant access to the internet. In a recent survey conducted by Cyber Atlas, 55% men and 49% women amongst the internet using population admitted that Amazon.com is their favourite site for shopping. (CyberAtlas ; 2001)Geographically speaking, Amazon.com is most widely used in the United States and everywhere else in the world where there is Internet access. At the moment 2 9 million people in 160 countries are using the site. Amazon provides its customers with an engaging and a satisfying experience on their site. This ensures that the customers return to their site. It works on building customer loyalty by enabling features like personal customization of the web page for each of its customers. Amazon’s business strategies: Amazon built its competitive edge on three core strategies. These were: 1. Cost Leadership 2. Customer differentiation 3. Focus Under its cost leadership strategy Amazon has stood out by offering rock-bottom prices. It provides good quality products at low prices. Its prices can’t be matched by its competitors. This makes it an obvious choice for customers. Under the second strategy, Amazon offers current and prospective customers differentiation via convenience. It is one of the largest e-stores at the moment. Its product assortment is huge. It capitalizes on its huge product assortment, fast and efficient delivery a nd efficient services. It has focused on 4 primary areas for its focus strategy. These include the 1. Product focus. 2. Customer focus 3. Technology focus 4. Distribution focus As mentioned before, Amazon has a huge product assortment. Its product assortment has always attracted customers. Technology has always been central to Amazon’s business. It is an e-commerce business, a virtual market place, where every transaction is done online. Amazon’s E-marketing Strategy: Goal and Objectives: In 2008 Amazon’s vision was defined and re-phrased to mark complete focus on customer experience. It said â€Å"relently focus on customer experience by offering our customers low prices, convenience and a wide selection of merchandise.† The vision was to offer the Earth’s biggest consortium of products and to be the most customer centric company. This was Amazon’s core marketing message and it communicated its online value proposition both onsite and offsi te. (Chaffey) Amazon ensured that it offered lowest prices for most of the popular products that it was offering. However it also included less popular products that commanded high prices in the market. As a result it was able to squeeze margins for itself. Amazon’s primary objective was to be customer friendly and offer convenience to its customer. This was why it started offering free-shipping services soon. Another core objective at Amazon has been the fulfillment of promises and ensuring that customers are well-communicated and well-informed. Amazon did

The future of homosexuals Essay Example for Free

The future of homosexuals Essay By the end of twentieth century, the demand was already growing for homosexuals to have parental rights equal to heterosexuals’. The claims were modest: mainly the simple right to have to raise children in a homosexual household without prejudice from the wider society. The reason homosexuality swamped whole gene pools in the evolutionary past was that when not constrained by STDs homosexuals produced more children than heterosexuals. In the future, when the number of children a person produces will depend much less on what they learn from their sexual experiences, homosexuality is unlikely to enjoy such dominance. Homophobes can forget the ghost of a future domination by homosexuals, and homosexuals can cast off their paranoia about future victimization. The technology of the future will protect everybody, as long as the freedom of reproductive choice is left to individuals and not hijacked by dictatorial majorities (Baker, 2000). â€Å"America is in the midst of a cultural war, a war for the hearts, mind, and souls of the nation, a war over America’s understanding of itself,† as what Pat Buchanan had said. The nation’s current struggle with lesbian and gay issues is a central battle over culture. America is at a pivotal point on gay issues and is undergoing an important structural change that promises well for positive results. Fortunately, it is now at least acceptable to inquire about these issues in public discussion. The taboo upon lesbians and gay men has been lifted up (Corvino, 1997). The American government was not especially involved in regulating homosexuality, at least not enough to direct the criminal justice system to aggressively suppress homosexual behavior. They can today choose to live outside the closet because the state has retreated from its campaigns of homosexual persecution. References Ann Elisabeth Auhagen, M. v. S. (1996). The Diversity of Human Relationships: Cambridge University Press. Baker, R. (2000). Sex in the Future: The Reproductive Revolution and How It Will Change Us: Arcade Publishing. Benjamin J. Sadock, V. A. S. (2007). Kaplan and Sadocks Synopsis of Psychiatry: Behavioral Sciences/Clinical Psychiatry: Wolters Kluwer Health. Calhoun, C. (2000). Feminism, the Family, and the Politics of the Closet: Lesbian and Gay Displacement: Oxford University Press. Corvino, J. (1997). Same Sex: Debating the Ethics, Science, and Culture of Homosexuality: Rowman Littlefield. Hensley, C. (2002). Prison Sex: Practice and Policy: Lynne Rienner Publishers. John P. De Cecco, D. A. P. (1995). Sex, Cells, and Same-Sex Desire: The Biology of Sexual Preference: Haworth Press. Laumann, E. O. (1994). The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States: University of Chicago Press. MacDougall, B. (2000). Queer Judgments: Homosexuality, Expression, and the Courts in Canada: University of Toronto Press. McNair, B. (2002). Striptease Culture: Sex, Media and the Democratization of Desire: Routledge. Raymond J Corsini, W. E. C. , Charles B Nemeroff. (2001). The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science: John Wiley and Sons. Rouse, B. L. P. P. (2002). Marital and Sexual Lifestyles in the United States: Attitudes, Behaviors: Haworth Press. Thomas, R. M. (2001). Recent Theories of Human Development: Sage Publications Inc.

Tobacco Use and Lung Cancer Essay -- essays research papers

Lung Cancer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lung cancer is the leading cancer killer among both men and women. There are two different types of lung cancer: nonsmall cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. There are also many different things that can cause lung cancer, but the number one cause for lung cancer is tobacco use.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is lung cancer? This is a question that a lot of people are still asking. Lung cancer is definitely something to want to be educated about so that it can be recognizable. There are healthy cells that grow and divide throughout the body to keep it functioning properly, but sometimes this growth gets out of control when the cells continue to produce even though cells aren’t needed. These abnormal cells in the lungs originate when the lungs are exposed to carcinogens for instance those found in cigarette smoke. At first, only a small number of abnormal cells might appear, but as these cells are increasingly exposed to carcinogens they will definitely progress and eventually these cells become cancerous. Once these cancerous cells have reached the lungs, they have easy access to a large number of blood and lymph vessels. (MFMER 1998-2001)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cancer that begins in the lungs is divided into two major types, small cell lung cancer and nonsmall cell lung cancer. Nonsmall cell lung cancer is more common than small cell lung cancer and it generally grows and spreads more slowly. There are three main types of nonsmall cell lung cancer that are named for the type of cells in which the cancer develops. These three types are: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma is a cancer that forms in cells that are lining the airways. It’s the most common type of lung cancer in men. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer in women and people who have never smoked, it is a cancer that usually begins in the mucus-producing cells of the lung. The last type of nonsmall cell lung cancer is large cell carcinoma; this type of cancer originates in the peripheral part of the lungs. The other major type of lung cancer is small cell lung cancer which sometimes i s called oat cell cancer, it is less common than nonsmall cell lung cancer. This particular type of lung cancer grows more quickly and is more likely to spread to other organs in the... ...compressing against other organs of the body. The final treatment mentioned is clinical trials to evaluate new ways to treat cancer. This is an option for many lung cancer patients, with some doctors all patients receive the new treatment but with others they test it out with one group of patients and give the usual to another group. (United States 1997-1998)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As stated in this paper before, the number one leading cancer killer among both men and women is lung cancer and approximately ninety percent of lung cancer is caused by tobacco use. People just do not realize how serious of an issue this really is, which is due to the fact that they are not near educated enough about lung cancer and the use of tobacco. Although millions of people have died as a result of this, it is still a very preventable cause. Granted there are some cases that might not be as obvious to the person such as radon, or asbestos, which in that case they should be more aware of their environment and surroundings. As for the number one cause of cancer, there is a number one prevention and that is to never start smoking or to quit smoking and live a longer more enjoyable lifestyle.

Implementing Effective Job Delegation in the Units Essay

As a supervisor on our medical surgical unit, our hospital patient satisfaction scores for the past two years have been going down and there is a great need to improve patient satisfaction scores, particularly in the area of effective job delegation. Research (2011) has shown that a leader who does not delegate might likely feel stressed and overloaded. Although it might seem the best way for work to get done, is to do it yourself, but it’s not a good long-term solution. Feedback and review remain helpful and important, although the relationship is more likely one of mentoring, rather than coaching. The Question In order to improve patient satisfaction score in hospitals, the first question that health care providers should ask is what can be done to improve the quality of care given to our patients, and the second question is, how can effective job delegation improve our patient satisfaction score in our hospital? Will the creation of a policy on implementation of effective job delegation, encourage collaboration between the nursing staff and personnel to ensure that all personnel are not stressed or overworked? On our medical surgical unit, nurses struggle to deliver all the care their patients need, but are unable, due to stress and overwork. Good delegation saves time, develops people, grooms a successor, and motivates. Poor delegation will cause frustration, discouragement and Confusion, as such the delegated person will fail to carry out the delegated task. Effective job delegation will improve our patient satisfaction scores, even if most nurses would prefer to deliver all the care their patients need, but can’t, due to overwork and stress. The delegated task may be small, but has a large overall impact for all those involved. Nursing is a demanding profession, often nurses feel as though there are not enough hours in the day to complete all tasks, delegation of job will help nurses complete all the jobs allocated, this will help improve patient’s satisfaction scores. In the medical field today there is shortage of nurses, but still nurses are still expected to provide safe and effective care for their patients, by elegating some aspects of care to others this goal can be archived. Evidenced-Based Studies Many studies have been performed on effective job delegation. An article by American Nurses Association: Research and expert opinions suggest that effective job delegation frees up Nurses to do what they have been educated to do and coordinate patient care (ANA, 2020). It explained that delegating jobs help improve collaboration between healthcare workers, by delegating some aspects of care to others. Another article in the ADVANCE web site published by trustworthy researchers, who did the research on: why it is significant for healthcare workers to delegate job: since they decided what patient care intervention is necessary and how, when, and by whom these interventions need to be provided. The article narrated how effective job delegation will improve patient satisfaction scores; though most nurses would prefer to deliver all the care their patients need (Juno, 2010). An advanced research was carried out by nursing expert, who explained, that effective job delegation will improve patient satisfaction scores due to nurses shortage and the need to lower medical cost. The article describes how good job delegation saves time, develops people, grooms a successor, and motivates workers, while Poor job delegations causes frustration and overwork to nurses, making the task of healthcare workers difficult to give safe healthcare to their patients ( Juno, 2010). It explained that delegating jobs help improve collaboration between workers. An international research in South Africa discovered that there is a large disparity in service levels workload, between private and public sectors. The research point out that effective job delegation is necessary for both private and public sectors for jobs to be carried out efficiently (AFN, 2012). The organization Advocate for Nurses carries out a research and found out that the provision of health care in America has been compromised by the loss of trained health workers due to over work and stress, the article explained that when Managers or leaders engage in effective job delegation in the health care organization, Nurses will not leave the profession because of overwork and stress. It explained that poor job delegation lead to pressure and work overload, because most nurses think they can provide all the care their patient need, which is impossible to do, as such leaving one tressed, unhappy, and feeling that you’re letting your profession down, the solution to prevent this feeling is effective job delegation (AFN, 2012). They also explained why health care worker have to delegate, because of changes in healthcare delivery, they stressed the fact that task delegation is here to stay at least for the foreseeable future. Job delegation is crucial to cost containment a nd Job delegation is important; as such health care professionals should take it as an expected professional nursing activity (AFN, 2012). The Proposal The outcome of creating a policy is something that is realistically obtainable in a professional practice: Access to the hospital policies, meeting with floor managers/unit leaders and Identifying problems in our hospital have shown that our nurses and managers are stressed and overworked. The task of a competent manager is not to do all the work on his or her own, but to smartly deliver within the given parameters of budget and timeline I propose that all managers must make sure that the delegated person understands the importance of the task, the responsibility it brings and the long-term consequences. Once they are clear about the task it becomes easy for the job to be accomplished. Managers should make sure, those who are delegated, feel they are contributing to the success of the organization rather than standing on the periphery, and they must ensure that the job being delegated is handed to the appropriate individual, because if the task is not done, the person who delegated the job as well as the delegated person are responsible for non-performance of the job. Delegation is transferring a competent individual the authority to perform selected tasks in a selected situation. Effect job delegation facilitates success and trust among nurse, who then be able to deliver safe and satisfactory care of patients, as a result improve patient’s satisfaction scores. Conclusion Effective delegation involves achieving the desired results, managing the demanding deadlines, empowering and equipping the team. Ultimately, the responsibility of getting delegated job accomplished remains with the manager. Researchers have shown that leaders who do not delegate feel stressed and overloaded with work. Good delegation saves time, develops people, grooms a successor, and motivates. Poor delegation will cause frustration, discouragement and confusion. Effective job delegation strategies incorporated into health care practice can provide health care workers with more time for professional nursing roles, and enhance job satisfaction in the areas of decision-making and promotional opportunity.

Orwell’s use of symbolism in “1984” Essay

In 1984, Orwell makes excellent use of symbolism to further enhance the novel’s themes. Orwell wrote 1984 as a political message to warn future generations about the dangers of totalitarian societies. He urgently relays this message through various themes, and in turn utilizes powerful symbols to give these themes further significance. Psychological and physical control is a theme that Orwell religiously includes throughout the novel. Symbols such as doublethink and the telescreens provide a direct connection to this theme. Another theme apparent in 1984 is that of intellectual rebellion and the desire to diverge against a higher authority. Orwell, through Winston’s journal and glass paperweight, manages to use these symbols to assist in the portrayal this theme. One of the party’s main goals is to control its people’s thoughts. By deliberately weakening one’s recollection of the past and flooding their minds with propaganda, the Party is able to replace individuals’ memories with its own version of the truth. Winston, however, struggles to try and remember his history. He is persistent in trying to make sense of what has happened to the world. In turn, he buys a glass paperweight in an antique store, which symbolizes his attempt to connect with the past. â€Å"And when memory failed and written records were falsified?when that happened, the claim of the Party to have improved the conditions of human life had got to be accepted, because there did not exist, and never again could exist, any standard against which it could be tested.† This is when Winston, after conversing with an old man, realizes that the Party has deliberately set out to weaken people’s memories in order to control their fabricated v ersion of the present. When The Thought Police arrests Winston for his attempts to recall the past, the glass paperweight shatters. It is as if all his ideologies and hopes to make sense of the world have too shattered. Since the party maintains such control over its citizens, an individual caught thinking against what the party deems as acceptable, can be arrested and punished. Similar to the paperweight, the dust also represents Winston’s attempt to connect with the past and intellectually rebel against Big Brother. Winston and Julia met in a dusty room in the Prole district of Oceania. The Proles represent what life was like before the revolution, and before The Party came into power because they live uncontrolled lives. Yet,  they too symbolize hope. Winston hopes that the Proles will one day rise up against Big Brother and restore freedom to all citizens. The paperweight, the dust and the Proles each represent Winston’s knowledge that there exists a higher meaning other than Big Brothe r. Consequently, throughout the novel he reveals this to readers. An example of this is when he subconsciously writes â€Å"DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER† five times in his journal. Furthermore, the journal in which Winston dutifully writes his innermost feelings in, represents the forbidden but also ties into the theme of control. Big Brother has such restrain over his citizens, that a mere expression of free thought, or attempts to recall past events, are considered to be serious thought crimes. In writing in his journal, Winston essentially rebels against Big Brother. He knows that it is a severe crime in The Party’s eyes, but does so anyhow. In his journal, Winston writes things that allow readers to believe that he recognizes the dangers of the society he lives in. The party’s goals of complete psychological and physical control over people are too much for Winston to handle therefore he expresses these beliefs on paper. He writes, â€Å"Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four.† Because doublethink has been introduced by Big Brother to essentially brainwash the public, the above statement is not considered true. The Party, through doublethink, tries to make citizens believe that two plus two equals five, which is clearly false. For this reason, Winston’s journal provides him with a temporary out, an escape from his corrupted world. In 1984, Orwell includes ministries that are responsible for various things. Their names however, contradict their functions. The Ministry of Peace encourages war, the Ministry of Truth produces propaganda, and the Ministry of Love operates based on acts of torture and punishment. This concept, known as doublethink is The Party’s method of absolute control. Orwell uses doublethink to portray the brainwashing techniques totalitarian governments exercise. Doublethink has lead citizens to believe that two plus two equals five. As the Party’s psychological control techniques break down an individual’s ability to think freely, it becomes possible for that individual to believe anything they are told, and this is the ultimate form  of psychological control. Just as doublethink symbolizes psychological control in 1984, the telescreens represent the aspect of physical control The Party has over its citizens. The telescreens provide a faceless surveillance window into each person’s life. These devices are totally perfected in that they can detect almost anything, even the beating of one’s heart. â€Å"You could not control the breathing of your heart, and the telescreens was quite delicate enough to pick it up† Because the telescreens can never be turned off, residents of Oceania are constantly monitored. They symbolize the bodily power the party has over its people. Their omnipresence gives individuals no freedom whatsoever and Orwell uses them to warn his readers about the lengths a tyrannical government will go to, to gain total physical control over its people. Through the use of symbolism, Orwell assists in relaying his political message to readers. The Party floods residents of Oceania with psychological motivation designed to overwhelm the mind’s capacity for independent thought. It also uses advanced methods of technology to control one’s every move. Yet Winston, who although is more or less controlled by Big Brother, manages to somewhat diverge. Moreover, Orwell portrays the themes of intellectual rebellion and ultimate control through the use of many unique symbols. The paperweight, the Proles and the dust all show Winston’s desire to connect with the past, something completely forbidden by The Party. Along the same lines, Winston’s journal also acts as a symbol to illustrate his desire to rebel. Whereas doublethink symbolizes the psychological control Big Brother had on his people, the telescreens symbolize the physical control he had over his subjects. Orwell’s main goal in writing 1984 was to warn future generations about the dangers of totalitarian governments. He effectively does so by incorporating themes, which correspondingly embrace symbolism. All of these symbols give 1984’s themes intensity and deeper insight into the novel.

questions for a government assignment essays

questions for a government assignment essays 1. During the period before the Constitution was ratified, the Articles of Confederation gave a 2. The Dual Court System works by splitting the courts into 2 distinct systems; the national judiciary system and the state judiciary system. The State Courts deal with most cases in the country. The national judiciary system deals with constitutional and national issues. 3. The 2 kinds of Federal Courts are Special and Constitutional Courts. The Special Courts deal with cases that come from some of the expressed powers given to Congress. The Constitutional Courts are the courts formed by Congress to properly exercise the judicial power of the U.S. The Constitutional Courts consist of The Supreme Court, the Courts of Appeals, the district courts, and the Court of International Trade. The special courts include the Tax Court, the territorial courts, and the Veterans Appeals Courts among others. 4. The Plaintiff is the party who initiates the suit. The defendant is the party who must defend against the complaint. 5. Jurisdiction is the authority of a court to hear and decide a case. 6. Exclusive jurisdiction is the power of federal courts alone to hear certain cases. Concurrent jurisdiction is the power shared by federal and state courts to hear certain cases. Original jurisdiction is the power to hear a case first (before any other court). Appellate jurisdiction is the authority of a court to review decisions of inferior courts. 7. Federal judges are selected by the President of the U.S. of A. on the basis of their political and moral ideals and views. The President usually selects someone who shares the same views as he does. The judges are paid $133,644 annually and they receive retirement benefits as well. The judges are assisted by court clerks, deputy clerks, stenographers, and bailiffs. 1. The inferior courts are ALL the lower federal courts (those below the...

How to Make Marbled and Scented Paper

How to Make Marbled and Scented Paper Its super-easy to make elegant marbled paper, which you can use for a variety of projects including gift wrap. What you may not know is you can scent your paper while you marble it. Paper Marbling Materials papershaving creamfood coloring or paintssilverwareshallow pan, large enough for your papersqueegee or paper towels You can use any paper for this project and will get slightly different effects depending on your selection. I used ordinary printer paper. You can use any shaving cream, too. I would probably aim for the least expensive brand you can find, but what I actually used was scented shaving gel. If you use peppermint-scented shaving cream then you can make paper that smells like candy canes. If you use floral scented shaving cream then your marbled paper will carry a subtle floral fragrance. The other material used in this project is pigment or ink. The blue/red/green box in the photo is wrapped with marbled paper colored using food coloring. The pink/orange/blue box is wrapped with marbled paper that was colored with tempera poster paints. You can use any pigment you like, so be creative! Make Marbled Paper Spread a thin layer of shaving cream in the bottom of the pan. I used a spoon, but you can use a knife or spatula or your fingers. All you need is a shallow coating.Dot the surface of the shaving cream with food coloring or paint or pigment or whatever colorant you are using.Use your imagination to pattern the colors. I simply ran the tines of a fork through the colors in a wavy fashion. Dont get too enthusiastic swirling your colors or else they will run together.Lay your paper on top of the colored layer in the pan. I smoothed the paper out over the shaving cream.Remove the paper and either squeegee off the shaving cream (wiping between passes) or wipe the shaving cream off with a dry paper towel. If you do this carefully, none of your colors will run or be distorted.Allow your paper to dry. If it curls, you can iron it flat using low heat. I didnt have any problem with printer paper distorting. The marbled paper will be smooth and slightly glossy. Neither the food colorings nor tempera paints transferred off of the paper once it was dry. Some people like to spray marbled paper with a fixative. I probably would not treat the paper if your goal is to make a scented and colored paper, since fixing the paper might mask the fragrance.

BIO100 Week 2-4 Discussions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BIO100 Week 2-4 Discussions - Essay Example Third was his theory of vestigial structures, stating that life started out as very simple and grew more and more complex. Even though he was not a scientist, Malthus was the greatest influence on Darwin’s work. Multhus was an economist who understood the state of world population and his idea that population was growing faster than food can be provided fascinated Darwin; this lead to the theory of ‘survival of the fittest’. Inheritable changes in an organism which occur spontaneously and randomly are called mutations; these may or may not be harmful. Mutations can also add new traits through new alleles or interchange the amount alleles present. A biome can be defined as a large piece of land containing fauna and flora often defined by their abiotic factors such as climate, vegetation, geology, relief etc. A biome may be mistaken for a large ecosystem but this is not true. Biomes and ecosystems are two different things. The main difference is that organisms in a particular biome make many adaptations in order to be able to survive in that particular setting. The aquatic biome refers to water bodies. Their adaptations include gills, fins, blubber, stream lined bodies and many other such adaptations. The aquatic biome is in turn divided into two groups: Freshwater Biomes including lakes and ponds, rivers and streams, wetlands and Marine Biomes including oceans, coral reefs and estuaries. Although there are 5 major and different biomes, there may be features present within a biome that resemble those of another. We know that desert biomes contain little to no vegetations, with harsh weather conditions; however, it may occur that on a small area there may be as much vegetation as there is in grassland, not enough to be called grassland but enough to be called similar to it. Two biomes that can be called similar are Desert and Tundra. Desert and Tundra biomes both face

The Effect of Sentencing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Effect of Sentencing - Essay Example The Benefits, Drawbacks, and Deterrence Effects of Various Forms of Sentencing in the Criminal Justice System Sentencing is the product of a long process of bringing individuals to justice for their crimes and, as a result, it plays a crucial role in determining whether a criminal justice system is successful in achieving its purpose. If individuals are sentenced too harshly, according to rules that are too rigid, then the justice system has failed to live up to its promise of equitably distributing justice in society. If individuals are sentenced too laxly, according to rules that are not rigid enough, then the justice system can neither achieve retribution against offenders for their crimes against others nor achieve a deterrent effect to prevent further crime. The deterrent effect of sentencing is particularly important because criminals recognize the relative weight that prosecutors and judges place on certain crimes under certain circumstances; in cases in which a criminal knows sentencing will be soft, a crime is more likely to occur. Therefore, it is important for the criminal justice system to achieve a mean between too harsh and too soft in how crime in general is sentenced. Part of determining how to achieve this mean is by defining the kind of sentencing that ought to be practiced most often, with the major choices being indeterminate, determinate, and mandatory sentencing. Indeterminate sentencing denotes a term of incarceration that does not state a specific period of time or release date, but just a range of time. For instance, the imposition of â€Å"five-to-ten years† is an indeterminate sentence. Indeterminate sentencing is a perspective in criminal law closely tied to the rehabilitative perspective—the idea that prison should be an instrument for correcting and improving the behavior of inmates. According to O’Hear (2011), this perspective fell from favor in the 1970s and in the years that followed, many states pared back their investment in indeterminate sentencing practices where release dates were determined by a parole board years after the initial conviction. Besides the drawback of being linked to an antiquated theory of justice, indeterminate sentencing has the benefit of taking into account behavior while in prison as justification for expediting or delaying one’s release into society. Determinate sentencing, which is the imposition of a sentence that includes a fix or minimum period as specified by a statute. Determinate sentencing provides less flexibility than indeterminate sentencing, which is neither a benefit nor a drawback. However, one clear weakness with determinate sentencing is that situational factors do not enter easily into the equation. In Lockyer v. Andrade (2003), a form of determinate sentencing known as the three-strike law in California was challenged based on the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment. The essence of the law is that a heavy sentence is required for individuals convicted of a third felony, which is thought to provide a strong deterrent effect after the second felony conviction. However, the nature of the three felonies could be as wide ranging as drug trafficking to shoplifting. Therefore, even if three felonies are relatively minor crimes, determinate senten

Thinking Through Religions 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Thinking Through Religions 2 - Essay Example These have been seen to define superstition as essentially being a disease that primarily depends on an excess of religious sentiment. The affected person is often seen to frequently have an unreasonable level of credulity. Superstitions were employed in ancient times so as to thwart evil by using a number of rituals that were thought to bring good luck (Superstitions, 2000).Cunningham and Kelsay (76), define rituals as essentially being a series of repeated stylized gestures or ceremonial acts that are used for some certain given specific occasions. Human life is seen to be filled with quite a number of these gestures ranging from the simple custom of shaking hands to some gestures such as standing so as to shake someone’s hand. The rituals have progressively become so familiar that they are now frequently overlooked and their importance is only highlighted in the event that one fails to observe them, an example of which might include someone refusing to shake another personà ¢â‚¬â„¢s hand. It is these refusals and failures that cause us to become acutely aware of the relative importance of these rituals that would otherwise be severely obscured by the mundane ordinariness of customary rituals. Superstitions and rituals are seen to have an intrinsic relationship as superstitions require an individual to perform some certain rituals so as to encourage or avoid an occurrence. One of the rituals that I often perform that is closely linked to superstition is to essentially avoid black cats from crossing my path. In the event that a black cat happens to cross my path, my normal ritual is to try and walk around the area crossed by the cat or in some instances use a different route. The superstitious belief that is tied in with this ritual is that black cats tend to cause bad luck in the event that they cross one’s path. Why are Human Beings Superstitious? It can generally be observed that often at times, after having encountered seemingly knotty problem s, man tends to try and explain away or avoid the given situation by using superstitions. By inventing various superstitious fabrications, man is able to effectively understand and explain a number of mysteries. It is often always as a last resort that man will opt to eventually turn to himself to provide an explanation and even so, he does not turn to his true self but instead turns to some foreign particle or blemish that absolves him and causes him to not be responsible (Berry 228-229). One of the more frequently used scape goats in this respect is the concept of original sin that had been invented by the ancients. (Berry 230) argues that the chief virtue of this theory is that it effectively heaps all the blame on the serpent, an animal that man has never really had much use for. Man is also perceived to be superstitious as a result of his relatively conservative nature that causes him to obstinately try to hold on to a number of old trinkets, ideas and customs even after he has learned better and the original purpose of these has been forgotten. Although man has made a number of developments in science and knowledge, civilized life to him is seen to still be largely precarious, insecure and uncertain and hence man has opted to result to superstition to tackle these challenges. Why Can Superstitions be Dangerous The adverse effects of superstition can result in fear, suspicions, a general reduction in the quality of life and even death as seen in an incident related by Berry (11). In this incident, in the year 1656, a young woman named Eunice Goody was suspected by her fellow New Hampshire town’

Job roles within Asda Essay Example for Free

Job roles within Asda Essay Area manager The area manager Philip Davies has a clear but hard Job which he gets well rewarded for, Philip Davies has to make major and long term decisions which could be vital to Asda, obviously he has to actually run he business day in day out and he has to attend regularly board of directors meetings plus he has to do basic and boring paperwork for most of each day. Philip Davies needed good qualifications to become the Area manager of Asda and his qualifications are: * A masters degree in Business * A degree in management * 3 A-levels * 5 A*-C grades at G. C.S.E Without these sorts of qualifications Philip Davies could never have become the Area manager of Asda. Philip Davies has to work 40 hours per week and he gets paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½85,000 per year. Plus as a benefit of being the area manager Philip Davies gets a company car every 3 years. Store manager The store manager Gary Hall has a slightly similar job to the Area manager except he does not communicate to the board of directors and the store manager has to work more with the employees inside of the store and he has to check that everything is going well throughout the store. The store manager is responsible for the performance measures in his store: sales, stock loss, labour cost, customer service and Licence to Trade (Health Safety and Food Quality). The Store Manager is also responsible for managing and developing their team of Duty Managers. Gary Hall also needs good qualifications to be the store manager and they are: * Business Degree * Management degree * 3 A-levels * 4 A*-C grades at G.C.S.E These qualifications are a lot like the Area managers (Philip Davies) qualifications, probably because the jobs are similar. Gary Hall has to work 50 hours per week. Gary Hall gets paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½60,000 per year and as a benefit he too gets a company car every 5 years. Managers Each manager has their own department to look after and they are: * Finance department * Customer services department * Market research department * Duty department * I.T administration department * Human Resources department The responsibilities of a manager are: * Decision making * Problem solving * Planning, setting targets (long-term objectives) * Ensuring that targets are achieved * The organisation of the working environment With a good manager all of these responsibilities can be completed. Finance manger The finance manger Sue Williams is responsible for many things the most important one being the finance department in which Sue Williams has many responsibilities like: * Accounting * Budgets * Salaries Sue Williams is also responsible for looking after her employees in the finance department. Sue Williams takes her orders from Gary Hall the store manager and then she uses her finance team to conduct those activities. Like Philip Davies and Gary Hall, Sue Williams also needed good qualifications: * Degree in management * 3 A-levels * 4 A*-C grades at G.C.S.E Customer services manager The customer services manager Ben Adams in his job role will have to make sure that every customer goes home happy. Ben Adams does not actually talk to any customers because his job is to tell his customer services team how to make there customers happy. Not only does Ben Adams have to make all the customers happy but he also has to try and make a sale and that is why Ben Adams also has to try and get his team to make a sale. Like all of the other managers Ben Adams takes his orders from Gary Hall and he has to do his best to complete the jobs that Gary Hall assigns for him. To get the job as customer services manager Ben Adams needed these qualifications: * Degree in management * 3 A-levels * 4 A*-C grades at G.C.S.E As a benefit of being the Customer services manager Ben Adams gets discounts when he shops at Asda. As the Customer services manager Ben Adams has to work 48 hours per week and sometimes he may be expected to work overtime and Ben Adams gets paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25,000 per year and he may get paid more if the store manager thinks he deserves it Market research manager The Market research manager Ian Roberts is responsible for everything that goes on in the Market research department one half of the department has to design a product based on the customers preferences and the other half of the department has to try and sell the product that has been designed. The qualifications that Ian Roberts needed were: * Degree in management * 3 A-levels * 4 A*-C grades at G.C.S.E As a benefit of being Market Research manager Ian Roberts also gets a discount on his products whenever he shops at Asda. Like most of the other department managers Ian Roberts has to work 48 hours per week and he to gets paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25,000 per year. Duty Manager The Duty manager James Davis Is responsible for a variety of things but he is mainly in charge of the stock and the warehouse. James Davis is also responsible for all trade operations and James Davis has to make sure that all of the employees in the Duty department all work well together and all work to their full potential and of course he also has to make sure that all of his employees are happy in their working environment. As well as trade operations James Davis also has to improve sales and profitability and at times he and his team may deputise for the store manager Gary hall. To become the Duty manager, James Davis needed these qualifications: * Degree in management * 3 A-levels * 4 A*-C grades at G.C.S.E And of course like all the other department managers James Davis as a benefit receives discounts on his items whenever he shops at Asda. James Davis has to work 48 hours per week and as the Duty manager he gets paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25,000 per year. I.T. and Administration manager The I.T. and Administration manager Sue Williams has many responsibilities like being in charge of everyone in the I.T. and Admin departments (plus the finance department) so she has many activities which mostly consist of filling out forms and reports also Sue Williams has to ensure that all of the employees in her departments work effectively and of course she has to set everyone their tasks each weak and each month the store manager will tell Sue Williams what she will have to do by the end of the month. To be the I.T. and Administration manager Sue Williams needed these qualifications: * Degree in management * 3 A-levels * 4 A*-C grades at G.C.S.E As the manager of I.T and Administration and Finance Sue Williams has to work 60 hours per week plus a lot of overtime. Because Sue Williams is the manager of two departments she gets paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½42,000 per year and more if the store manager thinks she deserves it. Sue Williams also gets discounts on whatever she buys at Asda. Human resources manager The Human resources manager Stuart Thatcher is responsible for a lot of things like: * Recruitment * Training * Dismissal * Promotion * Health and Safety It is Stuart Thatchers job to make sure that all of these jobs get done well and to make sure that they do get done well Stuart Thatcher has to set out appropriate tasks for his team and he has to plan everything that his team will have to do for Asda, e.g. if the store needed 5 more employees for staking shelves or whatever it would be Stuart Thatchers job to make sure that the right people were appointed for the store, or another example could be that if the store needed two people to be laid off then it would be Stuart Thatchers job to dismiss the two employees. To become the Human resources manager Stuart Thatcher needed these qualifications: * Degree in management * 3 A-levels * 4 A*-C grades at G.C.S.E As a benefit of being the Human resources manager Stuart Thatcher gets a discount on anything he buys at Asda. Stuart Thatcher has to work 48 hours a week, plus he may sometimes be asked to work overtime. As the manager of the Human resources department Stuart Thatcher gets paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25,000 per year and more if the store manager thinks he deserves it.

The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir Essay -- Second Sex Simone Beauvo

The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir In the chapter of her book The Second Sex entitled â€Å"the Woman in Love,† Simone de Beauvoir characterizes the romantic ideal of the relationship with a man as a woman’s purpose as a form of self-deception (translated here as â€Å"bad faith†). The self-deception de Beauvoir describes is based in the thesis of The Second Sex. This is the idea that women have been deceived into believing that they are second-class humans. Western culture, according to de Beauvoir, teaches us that women are missing some elusive element of the self that endows men with freedom- a concept essential to the existentialist definition of the conscious being. Therefore, a woman can never find fulfillment as a thinking person as long as she believes that men are free beings and women their dependents. This state of affairs is reinforced through an all-encompassing system of thought that posits man as subject and woman as object, â€Å"doomed to dependency.† (In this chapter, de Beauvoir writes about the â€Å"modern woman† whose consciousness of her self has not yet matured. Therefore, when â€Å"woman† is referred to here, this is merely shorthand for the self-deceiving woman. The independent woman is another matter entirely.) De Beauvoir postulates that the reason why women’s idea of love is so much more intense than men’s is because the woman, unable to become a whole person in and of herself, thinks that by attaching herself to a man she can transcend her position in life. She can move from object to subject through osmosis- the ultimate expression of â€Å"being for the other.† She can claim a share of his activities and his accomplishments in the public realm which she is prohibited to enter. Giving herself wholly to the man ... ...that many women cling to even after they give up hope that â€Å"he† will ever come. Is there a solution to this paradox, this Catch-22 that de Beauvoir describes? Yes, she says, but only when certain conditions are met. First, a woman must have a solid sense of herself as an existentialist â€Å"free being† before she goes looking for love. Second, the love relationship must be a freely chosen association of equals committed to respecting each other’s freedom. As de Beauvoir writes on p.667: â€Å"Genuine love ought to be founded on the mutual recognition of two liberties; the lovers would then experience themselves both as self and as other; neither would give up transcendence, neither would be mutilated; together they would manifest values and aims in the world. For the one and the other, love would be revelation of self by the gift of self and enrichment of the world.†

Simon Birch

Simon Birch Simon Birch an underdeveloped child has become best friends with a kid named Joe. Simon was sometimes picked on by the other kids because of his condition, but he ignored them and kept to himself. Simon has strong faith in God and wasn’t afraid to show it, if he didn’t think something was right about the church or about someone’s actions towards the Bible, he wasn’t afraid to tell you. Simon kept telling people that he was made the way he was because God has a plan for him and that he would become a hero, but no one believed him.Simon’s best friend Joe had some faith in God but definitely not as much as Simon did. They would go to church but it didn’t look like they were to into it. The two had been friends for a long time and Simon had inspired Joe in his faith and in many other things as well. Simon later found out that God did make him the size he is for a reason, and he was a hero. He had saved all the kids from the bus that h ad crashed into the lake. Many people have doubted Simon and his abilities and he has proved them wrong every time.After Simon had saved the kids from the bus he had unfortunately passed away but he will never be forgotten. Simon has inspired faith in Joe by showing him that no matter what happens to you or how you look God has a plan for everybody and that you should never give up and never stop believing in yourself. Joe has seen God in a new way and now understands Simon’s passion for religion. Faith is not seeing but believing and Simon had all the faith that a little kid could and now thanks to Simon Joe has the same faith in God that his best friend Simon did.Joe is not the only person that Simon has inspired and developed faith in. Simon has greatly developed faith in me and my peers by showing us the true values of life and no matter what people say, think, or do, God has made you the way you are for a reason and in one what or another everyone will become a hero. In the movie Simon clearly demonstrates his knowledge of the bible and inspires hope in many other kids that are small like him who do not have very much self confidence. Simon shows how he can take charge and be a leader.Simon Birch has opened my eyes and taught me that judging people is wrong and that looks can be deceiving. Simon has greatly enriched my opinion on God and I know that he had made a huge impact on other kids and adults across the world. Simon Birch will live in the lives of many for ever and ever, this little boy was a hero and will forever rest knowing that he had completed Gods plan and fulfilling the scripture. Simon Birch 1. Simon Birch was different because he was born with a condition that made him shorter that other kids his age. 2.Simon’s best friend is Joe 3. Simon liked to play baseball 4. Simon’s friend Joe lived with his mother and grandmother in the grandmother’s house because she was wealthy. 5. Ben was a kind, generous and caring pe rson. He had black hair and was tall. 6. In Ben’s bag there was a stuffed Armadillo. 7. Simon had no relationship with his parents because his parents didn’t care about him. 8. Joe wants to know about his real dad. 9. Miss Wentworth made Simon a sweater that was just his size. 10. In church Simon was disruptive to the priest by talking out of turn. 1.I think that Simon and Joe are friends because they both know what it feels like to be outcasts and they both like baseball. 2. Simon’s character is courageous, adventurous, friendly and loyal. He has a strong relationship with God and has lots of faith. 3. Simon thought that his purpose in life was to help other people and that he was going to be a hero and that God made him the way he was for a reason. 4. Joe’s grandmother told him that he would have to start looking after himself because she wasn’t going to be around much longer. 5. Joe felt that he had to find his real dad.

The corresponding world consumption for oil during

In 2004, the world production of oil was estimated at just over 29. 7 Bbl. The corresponding world consumption for oil during the same period was estimated at 29. 6 Bbl of oil, leaving a surplus of just under 0. 1 Bbl at the end of the year. In the United States, one of largest consumer markets for oil and oil products, from the first week in September 2004 to the first week in September 2005, gasoline prices increased by a staggering $1. 22 per gallon to $3. 12 before dropping to $2. 25 on November 21, 2005. These figures are quite staggering considering that contracts for crude changed hands at 10 USD/barrel in 1999 (Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004). With the emergence of China in the global market and its increasing demand for oil, it is projected that unless oil companies are able to increase the world production by investing investment in oil and natural-gas production oil prices could increase exponentially over the next ten (10) years. Since oil remains the main energy source in most countries, the demand for oil will remain constant despite the changes in the price of oil (Case, 1999). While theoretically it is expected that there will be a greater demand for oil if the price decreases, it is important to factor in the fact that more governments around the world are implementing energy saving policies as well as trying to reduce to dependence on oil as an energy source by developing alternative sources of energy (hybrid cars, solar power, hydroelectric power) (Simmons, 2005). Given the volatility of oil supply and prices coupled with the harmful effects that fossil fuels have on the environment, it is important to discuss the pros and cons of alternative sources of energy. The most popular and arguably most powerful source of energy today is the sun. Solar energy has been touted as the solution to the world’s energy problems. Being free and efficient, solar energy is a viable replacement for the energy that fossil fuels provide and as a primary source of energy it is renewable (Serra 2006). One drawback, however, is the fact that current technology to harness the sun’s rays is expensive and cannot be availed of by many, especially those in developing countries. On top of this, in order for enough solar energy to be a viable source of alternative energy there has to be an ample supply of it (Serra 2006). This means that a large area which is constantly sunny is the ideal place for the proper utilization of solar energy. There is a lot of promise in this field, however, and soon, as the technology for this improves, solar energy may indeed shed light on the energy problems of the world. Another form of alternative energy that is free and renewable is wind energy. In places that are particularly breezy and have no constant sunlight, harnessing wind energy is a very effective source of clean and renewable energy (Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004). It has been shown in studies that when the wind is strong it can provide up to 20% of a country’s energy needs (Serra 2006). Aside from the energy that it can provide, it also promises clean and efficient energy as there are no harmful effluents that are produced and it does not require as much space as solar energy. One problem, however, is the fact that wind may not always be constant (Serra 2006). When the wind slows down to a certain speed it also can no longer be harnessed. This being said, life would certainly be a breeze if the world was able to improve the harnessing of wind energy. To water-down the need for fossil fuels, the world can also resort to hydroelectric energy. Using the natural flow of water and gravity, hydroelectric energy is one of the most widely used alternative energy sources in the world (Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004). With the amount of energy that can be produced, hydroelectric energy produces no waste material and no pollution (Serra 2006). The downside to this form of energy, however, is the fact that the construction and maintenance for hydroelectric power dams is expensive. While there are developments in micro hydro technology, hydroelectric dams can also displace several communities, destroy forest resources and kill other fishes and aquatic life in the area (Serra 2006). This means that while hydroelectric power is certainly a very viable solution to the energy problems of the world there must be several things that should be sorted out and improved for it to be useful as the world’s main energy source. Another alternative energy source that is making waves is the energy that can be harnessed from tidal energy. Similar in function to hydroelectric energy, this type of energy uses turbines that harness the rise and fall of the tides. The natural flow of the oceans currents is harnessed in order to produce energy (Serra 2006). However, due to the peculiarity of the energy source, it cannot be located just anywhere. There are very few sites that are feasible for the location of tidal energy plants and it also poses a threat to local fishing and fisheries (Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004). Also because tides only occur at certain times of the day it is not as efficient as the other energy types. One of the largest growing sources of alternative energy is biomass. Since this form of alternative energy has a two-fold advantage, reduction of waste and generation of energy, it seems to be the best solution to the world’s energy problems Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004). Taking animal waste, agricultural crops, grains, wood, mill residues, forest, and aquatics, biomass plants ferment these wastes to generate gases that are then burned to create energy Bilgen and Kaygusuz 2004). The obvious downside to this, however, is that there are harmful effluents that are released. While it indeed captures the gases that are produced, it also releases energy from the burning. The Life in the lap of luxury is indeed a very convenient life but as it is it will be a lifestyle that will be nearly impossible to sustain. It is wonderful to take advantage of all of the technological advancements that are available today but one must always ask whether or not the tradeoff is worth, a moment of pleasure that could be disastrous for this generation and the next. References Serra, J. â€Å"Alternative Fuel Resource Development†, Clean and Green Fuels Fund, (2006). Bilgen, S. and K. Kaygusuz (2004), Renewable Energy for a Clean and Sustainable Future, Energy Sources 26, 1119. Jeff Tester and Ron DiPippo (2007-06-07). â€Å"The Future of Geothermal Energy† (PDF). US Department of Energy – Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. http://www1. eere. energy. gov/geothermal/pdfs/structure_outcome. pdf. Retrieved on 2008-04-16.